| Mechanisms |
Achievements |
Shortcomings |
Potential for the Pan-European Biological and
Landscape Diversity Strategy |
| Global Environmental Facility |
Biodiversity integrated
into priority funding areas of GEF in developing countries including
CEE and CIS. |
Does not focus on all countries
of Europe. |
As one of the key funding
mechanisms for Agenda 21 and the Convention on Biological Diversity,
GEF can give substantial support to the Strategy. |
| Council of Europe Social
Development Fund |
The Fund operates for the
benefit of human beings, striving to improve their condition. It focuses
on dealing with exceptional circumstances, including natural or ecological
disasters. |
|
Potential for giving support
to the Strategy. |
| EU Structure and Cohesion
Funds |
Focuses on EU fiscal resources,
concentrating on places of greatest need integrating the natural environment
into overall objectives. Community initiatives fund land use planning,
protection of flora and fauna, and strengthening know-how. |
Insufficient application
of Cohesion and Structure funding to landscape and biological diversity
issues. Continued emphasis for projects which may not be of strategic
importance. Mainstream finance to economic projects which have caused
significant environmental tension in the past. |
Ensure biodiversity and
landscape diversity considerations are assured in the six priority
objectives for Community Structural Policies, and incorporate them
into the Pan-European Ecological Network. Focus Cohesion Funds closer
towards the conservation of biological and landscape diversity. Improve
environmental impact review in procedures. |
| EU Financial Instrument
for Fisheries Guidance |
Inherent fisheries restrictions
to promote sustainability of fisheries stocks and their areas. |
Insufficient taking into
account the wider environmental concerns, including the impact on
vulnerable or endangered marine habitats. |
Maximize the FIFG biological
diversity elements in the Strategy. |
| EU European Agricultural
Guidance and Guarantee Fund |
Establishment of, and support
to, Environmentally Sensitive Areas, and other agri-environmental
measures and price support in the wider EU landscape, which may assist
marginal extensive agriculture to be maintained. |
The original Common Agricultural
Policy objectives were to ensure that food supplies were available
to consumers and to increase agricultural productivity. The protection
of the environment was not specified as an objective. |
Integrate the advantageous
elements of the Agri-Environment Measures and Environmentally Sensitive
Areas into promoting biological and landscape diversity conservation
and incorporate areas into the Pan-European Ecological Network. |
| EU TACIS and PHARE |
Funds integrated environmental
programmes in the CEE, including integrated river delta and mountain
projects and an exten-sion of the CORINE land cover and biotopes beyond
the EU. |
Very insufficient application
of TACIS and PHARE funds to biological and landscape diversity issues.
Inadequate environmental safeguards in economic or social programme. |
Lacking coherent goals for
sustainable development and environmental conservation, explore options
to integrate biological and landscape diversity conservation needs
into TACIS and PHARE activities. |
| EU LIFE |
Major emphasis on nature
protection and biodiversity, linked to objectives requirements under
Habitats and Birds Directives. |
Continued insufficient funding
for landscape and biological diversity issues. |
Need to raise funding for
nature in the LIFE instrument considerably. |
| EU Fourth Framework Programme |
Focuses on priority research
within the EU and neighbouring countries of Europe. |
Lack of coherent view on
biological and landscape diversity conservation in relationship to
land use. |
Need to focus key research
towards the Strategy. Develop vision on land use and introduce or
recast coherent set of instruments. |
| EU European Social Fund
and Human Resources Community Initiatives |
Incorporate the recognition
into social and human resource policy of the importance of nature,
including training programmes directly supporting protected areas
managers. |
Insufficient direct policy
support to employment, education or training connected to the natural
environment. Disproportionate support for other sectors towards employment
and training in natural and rural areas. |
Need for significant raising
of the importance of integrating social and human resource issues
into European biological and landscape diversity conservation. |
| Bi- and multilateral donor
funding |
Focuses on general environmental
and biodiversity issues, prioritizing the CEE and CIS. |
Inadequate funding and coordination
of bi- and multilateral donor funds towards biological and landscape
diversity issues in Europe. |
Ensure integration of bi-
and multilateral donor funding into the Strategy. Increase awareness
about the need to raise bilateral funding aid for biological and landscape
diversity conservation. |
